In the historic quarters of Kolkata, Durga Puja’s origins are rooted firmly within the private spheres of the city’s aristocracy. Far removed from the contemporary spectacle, the festival began as a series of intimate, exclusive rituals, primarily orchestrated by the influential Bonedi Baris. Notably, the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family established what is recognized as Kolkata’s oldest Durga Puja in 1610, preceding even the city’s formal establishment. Later, in 1757, Raja Nabakrishna Deb of Shobhabazar Rajbari initiated another significant puja, notable for its grandeur and its distinguished guest list, including Lord Clive.
 

These early celebrations functioned as both religious observances and markers of social status. The rituals were meticulously preserved, and the Atchala-style idols—with their measured serenity—reflected a deep commitment to tradition. Participation was restricted to invited guests, underscoring the exclusivity and prestige associated with these events.
 

The artisanal heritage underpinning Durga Puja is exemplified by Kumartuli, a neighborhood renowned for its community of potters. For over three centuries, these artisans have been central to the festival’s visual culture. The craft, typically passed down through generations, is both ritualistic and highly skilled. A notable tradition involves incorporating soil from a brothel into the idol’s base, symbolizing the inclusive and universal aspect of the Divine Mother. Each family of artisans imparts subtle stylistic variations to the idols, creating a body of work that is both collective and distinctive.